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• Wireless Markup Language (WML) - a lightweight presentation language, similar to HyperText
Markup Language (HTML) but optimised for use with mobile terminals.
• Wireless Markup Language Script (WMLS) - a lightweight script language, similar to Java Script
TM
.
• Wireless Telephony Application / Interface (WTA / WTAI) - telephony services and programming
interfaces.
• Content formats - defined data formats, such as vCard and vCalendar.
7.2.3 Wireless Session Protocol (WSP)
The Wireless Session Protocol (WSP) provides the application layer of WAP with an interface for two
session services. The first is a connection-oriented service that operates above the transaction layer
protocol. The second is a connectionless service that operates above a secure or non-secure datagram
service. The WSP is optimised for low bandwidth bearer networks with long latency.
7.2.4 Wireless Transport Protocol (WTP)
The Wireless Transport Protocol (WTP) runs on top of the datagram service and provides a lightweight
transaction-oriented protocol, suitable for use in mobile terminals. WTP operates over secure or non-
secure wireless datagram networks.
7.2.5 Wireless Transport Layer Security (WTLS)
Wireless Transport Layer Security (WTLS) is based on the industry standard Transport Layer Security
(TLS) and is optimised for use over narrowband communication channels. WTLS may be used for
secure communication between terminals, and applications can selectively enable WTLS features.
7.3 Developing Applications for Mobile Browsing
Application developers can use the principles of WAP to develop new services or adapt existing
Internet applications for use with mobile terminals. Applications are written in Wireless Markup
Language (WML) and WMLScript, and stored on either a normal Web server (origin server) or directly
on the WAP gateway. The content stored on the Web server is accessible from mobile terminals via the
cellular network and a WAP gateway or proxy.
The proxy server acts as a gateway between the cellular network and the Internet or Intranet. The
data sent between the origin server and the handset is binary encoded to optimise transmission over
the narrow bandwidth of the cellular network. Note that the content stored on the Web server might
be in either textual or binary format. When the WAP gateway fetches textual content, it automatically
compiles this to the encoded format to minimise network load.
Figure 13 shows the network-related elements required for developing and offering services to
mobile users.
WAP Service Developer’s Guide for Nokia 9200 Communicator Series
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