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however, have suggested that low levels of RF could
accelerate the development of cancer in laboratory
animals. However, many of the studies that showed
increased tumor development used animals that had
been genetically engineered or treated with cancer-
causing chemicals so as to be pre-disposed to devel-
op ca ncer in the absence of RF exposure. Other
studies exposed the animals to RF for up to 22 hours
per day.These conditions are not similar to the con-
ditions under which people use wireless phones, so
we don’t know with certainty what the results of such
studies mean for human health.
Three large epidemiology studies have been pub-
lished since December 2000. Between them, the
studies investigated any possible association
between the use of wireless phones and primary
brain cancer, glioma, meningioma, or acoustic neu-
roma, tumors of the brain or salivary gland, leukemia,
or other cancers. None of the studies demonstrated
the existence of any harmful health effects from wire-
less phone RF exposures. However, none of the
studies can answer questions about long-term expo-
sures, since the average period of phone use in
these studies was around three years.
5. What research is needed to decide whether RF
exposure from wireless phones poses a health
risk?
A combination of laboratory studies and epidemio-
logical studies of people actually using wireless
3. What kinds of phones are the subject of this
update?
The term “wireless phone” refers here to hand-held
wireless phons with built-in antennas, often called
“cell”, “mobile”, or “PCS” phones. These types of
wireless phones can expose the user to measurable
radiofrequency energy(RF) because of the short dis-
tance between the phone and the user’s head.
These RF exposures are limited by Federal
Communications Commission safety guidelines that
were developed with the advice of FDA and other
federal health and safety agencies. When the phone
is located at greater distances from the user, the
exposure to RF is drastically lower because a per-
son's RF exposure decreases rapidly with increasing
distance from the source. The so-called "cordless
phones," which have a base unit connected to the
telephone wiring in a house, typically operate at far
lower power levels, and thus produce RF exposures
far below the FCC safety limits.
4. What are the results of the research done
already?
The research done thus far has produced conflicting
results, and many studies have suffered from flaws in
their research methods. Animal experiments investi-
gating the effects of radiofrequency energy (RF)
exposures characteristic of wireless phones have
yielded conflicting results that often cannot be
repeated in other laboratories. A few animal studies,